The relationship between the number of overdoses and hospital administering opiates while in the emergency department.

Problem Statement
Opioid prescriptions increased sharply reaching a peak of 2.7 million during the past decade. For example, between 1999 and 2011, the number of people using hydrocodone increased by more than two-fold while the number of people using oxycodone increased by more than five fold (Phillips, Ford, and Bonnie, 2017). The study also indicates mortality rates, as well as readmissions rates into the emergency department, are related to opioid overdose which has increased by approximately four-fold thus representing a significant portion of healthcare expenditures. Gesensway, 2016) established that these healthcare expenditures could be detrimental especially to providers in regions with high rates of addiction. Additionally, readmits create problems with increasing health concerns and length of stay which have come with recurring visits in the emergency departments, financial burdens on non-payments with insurance companies and an indigent patient, and medicated assisted treatment with its effect after discharge-continued use (Gesensway, 2016).

This research proposal is directed at the effect that readmissions have on hospitals/facilities that help people who have issues with the use/misuse of opiates drugs. The population usually are seeking intervention by force or after a fatal abuse of the drug. (Burrows, 2016). There is a gap in treatment and interventions that have provided low levels of outcome care that has caused continued misuse of medication and street drugs and have caused deaths/overdoses and readmissions into hospitals (Lester, 2018). Emergency department visit provides an opportunity for active engagement between healthcare providers and their patients when it comes to an acute change in health. As developed by Lester (2018) active participation is encompassed on both reflection and discussion that tends to motivate patients in changing their behaviors. In some cases, the connection is evident while the motivation concept is used by healthcare providers in drug opioid overdose intervention in the intention of engaging patients into positive behavior change.

Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to challenge current practices that administrators have encountered that have not been effective in minimizing the readmission of opiate use/abuse/deaths. The research will also be based on quantitative and qualitative data that increases the relationship between patient hospital readmission and current drug use patterns. The relationship between the number of overdoses and hospital administering opiates while in the emergency department. (Enos, 2019) The measurements will be based on how the level of treatment is not met when the apparent need is treatment programs.

Significance
The impact of a drug opioid program/intervention on readmissions is my doctoral study topic. The program/intervention for opioid overdose death was selected in response to an increase in repeat visits in the emergency departments related to opioid overdoses. According to Vivolo Kantor et al. (2018) the impact of social change is implemented in having effective interventions (education) for mental health care for addicts and not dismissing the social implications of cost, crime, and physical health. The ability to allow people to stop the statistics of the increase in death rates related to opiate overdose is essential to creating a better social interaction (Boston University Medical Center, 2015). The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project gave a clear indication that the increase in ED visits scored 99.4% from 2005 to 2014 measured across 30 states. (Weiss, et al., 2016)

The change that is seen will produce positive social change as the “analyses of ED utilization patterns and support public health professionals, administrators, policymakers, and clinicians in their decision making regarding this critical source of care” (Weiss et al., 2016). As the emergency department connects and partners with community agencies, the social change will be how a connection is made for treatment outside of the emergency department. People may not be able to quit abusing opiates as society would like so finding a way to meet patients where they are offering alternatives to care, and treatment will create positive social change (Peters, 2018).

Background
Articles and journals in regards to the impact of drug opioid overdose have on readmission rates into the emergency department. Keywords used for easy search include drug opioid overdose, opioid overdose, rates of readmission and opioid overdose, rates of readmission after discharge and problems of opioid misuse in the databases education sources, EBSCOhost, SAGE Journals, APHA Journals, and NCBI Journals.

For instance, the Journal of the American Geriatric Society Morabet et al. (2018) focused on the preventability of readmission because of drug-related behaviors. It i