The Gold Standard Anticoagulation Therapy for Post-Op Total Knee/Hip Replacement

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is seen as an immediate threat to clients experiencing major orthopedic surgeries like total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Considering the recognized risks of VTE, arthroplasty surgeons are thoughtful of the requirement for VTE thromboprophylaxis. For instance, it is reported that the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis without the administration of prophylaxis is up to 57 percent with total hip arthroplasty while, with total knee arthroplasty, the proportion is up to 85 percent. Nonetheless, the methods of therapies of thromboprophylaxis applied in the reduction of the dangers to patients have been changing. Clinical practice procedures have been produced by many professional bodies, as some healthcare systems have also set their guidelines. The appropriateness of the anticoagulant used is shaped by the equilibrium between its effectiveness and safety concerning the bleeding risks of the drug. Nevertheless, it is essential to consider a multimodal methodology that emphasizes on early postoperative awareness and the utilization of both anticoagulants and mechanical options. Keywords: Pulmonary embolism (PE), Prophylaxis, Venous thromboembolism (VTE), Thromboprophylaxis, Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) capstonewriting.com GOLD STANDARD ANTICOAGULATION THERAPY 1 Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) relates to one pathological process that includes the thrombosis of a peripheral vein (DVT or deep venous thrombosis), embolization, and a branch of the pulmonary artery thrombosis (PE or pulmonary embolism) (Budhiparama, Abdel, Ifran & Parratte, 2014). The need for systematic thromboprophylaxis especially for patients with certain high-risk factors is significantly high. Especially amongst patient who undergo surgeries that high risks of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT and PE are essential issues of concern regarding public health. The issuance of prevention to those who seem at risk is an essential initiative for the prevention of postoperative wounds and infections. There is increased recognition and orthopedic practice challenge concerning the increased chance of venous thromboembolism and its attendant problems and mortality following major orthopedic procedures, surgical procedures for hip joint ruptures, and arthroplasty of knee and hip joint. The occurrence of deep venous thrombosis without the administration of prophylaxis is up to 57 percent with total hip arthroplasty while, with total knee arthroplasty, the proportion is up to 85 percent (Budhiparama et al. 2014). The rate of pulmonary embolism (PE) is 2 percent of patients following total hip arthroplasty and 1.7 percent of the total knee arthroplasty clients. It is established that symptomatic venous thromboembolism takes place in nearly 4 percent of clients, implying that it is more common than the problems like luxation and other postoperative diseases like respiratory failure, pneumonia, and bronchospasm. The statistics shown above imply that a safe and useful thromboprophylaxis is needed. Anticoagulant prophylaxis that was used initially, including the unfractionated heparin and then low molec