Experimental design is the process of conducting research in an objective and controlled manner so that precision is assured and specific conclusions are drawn regarding a
hypothesis statement. It is a
quantitative procedure of conducting research in which one or more independent variables are altered and applied to one or more dependent variables to determine their influence on each other. If you need help with
experimental design research, our experts establish the cause-and-effect relationship in a
set of variables by testing hypotheses and theories in controlled conditions. This post is a guide to experimental design, illustrating its types, processes, principles, diagrams, real-life applications, and examples for reference.
What is Experimental Design?
In an experimental design, the researcher manipulates an independent variable in a controlled setting to observe its effect on a dependent variable. It is the systematic procedure of organizing a study to meet certain objectives. It consists of two subjects: The experimental group that undergoes the treatment and the control group that consists of independent variables that are altered to examine their effect on the dependent factors. Experimental design is usually used in
quantitative studies.
Types of Experimental Design
(1). Pre-Experimental Design
The pre-experimental research design is the most basic type and lacks a control group. In these studies, the researcher has to identify alternative explanations one by one, decide which are reasonable, and then use logic, design, and measurement to assess whether each one is operating in a way that might explain any observed effect. After identifying the specific variables that have a cause-and-effect relationship, a group or groups are maintained under surveillance.
(2). True Experimental Design
The true experiment design is the most accurate form of all types as it relies on statistical hypotheses to prove or disprove the cause-and-effect relationship within the groups. It can be performed on two or more randomly assigned dependent objects under research. Randomization is important in an experimental design because it ensures the validity and reliability of results. It must have a random variable, one that can be manipulated by the researcher, a control, and an experimental group. It is further categorized into the factorial experimental design and the Solomon four-group design.
(3). Quasi-Experimental Design
"Quasi" stands for partial or half.
Quasi-experimental research is similar but not the same as an actual experimental study. In the true experiment design, the objects under study are randomly assigned to every unit, unlike the quasi-experimental where the participants are not picked at random. Because the subjects in these experiments are not assigned at random, they are applied in cases where randomization is difficult or impossible. It is further categorized into time series and
single-case experimental design.
Experimental Design in Research
This section highlights key areas of experimental design in research, including the principles, process, diagram, and a real-life application in healthcare.
