Quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis to identify patterns, relationships, or causality. It is often used to test hypotheses or generalize findings to a larger population.

Common Methods:

  • Experiments:
    • How to use: Manipulate one or more independent variables to observe their effect on a dependent variable, while controlling for extraneous variables.
    • Example: Testing the effect of a new drug on blood pressure by randomly assigning participants to treatment and control groups.
  • Surveys/Questionnaires:
    • How to use: Distribute structured questionnaires to a sample population to collect data on attitudes, behaviors, or characteristics.
    • Example: Conducting a survey to measure customer satisfaction with a product.
  • Longitudinal Studies:
    • How to use: Collect data from the same subjects over an extended period to observe changes or trends.
    • Example: Tracking the academic performance of students over 10 years.
  • Cross-sectional Studies:
    • How to use: Collect data from a population at a single point in time to analyze relationships between variables.
    • Example: Studying the relationship between income and health outcomes in a specific year.
  • Secondary Data Analysis:
    • How to use: Analyze existing datasets (e.g., government statistics, organizational records) to answer new research questions.
    • Example: Using census data to study population demographic